Scientific Sessions

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, remains a significant challenge in neonatal and pediatric care, as premature infants are at increased risk for respiratory distress, infections, neurological complications, and long-term developmental delays. Advances in neonatal care, including surfactant therapy, non-invasive ventilation, and specialized nutrition, have dramatically improved survival rates and outcomes for preterm infants. Early identification of risk factors, careful monitoring during pregnancy, and timely interventions are essential in reducing preterm birth complications and supporting optimal growth and development.

Congenital disorders and birth defects, which may affect the heart, brain, musculoskeletal system, or other organs, are a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as prenatal ultrasound, fetal MRI, and genetic testing, allow for early detection and intervention, sometimes even before birth. Surgical corrections, medical management, and targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for children with structural or metabolic anomalies. Multidisciplinary care involving neonatologists, pediatric surgeons, geneticists, and allied health professionals ensures comprehensive management of both medical and developmental needs. By combining preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and advanced therapeutic interventions, pediatric healthcare continues to enhance survival, functional outcomes, and quality of life for children born preterm or with congenital conditions.